Cosmos A Spacetime Odyssey Episodes

Cosmos:
A Spacetime Odyssey Genre Science documentary Based on Cosmos: A Personal Voyage
by Carl Sagan
Ann Druyan
Steven Soter Written by Ann Druyan
Steven Soter Presented by Neil deGrasse Tyson Composer(s) Alan Silvestri Country of origin United States Original language(s) English No. of episodes 13 (list of episodes) Production Executive producer(s)
Ann Druyan
Brannon Braga
Mitchell Cannold Producer(s) Livia Hanich
Steven Holtzman
Jason Clark Production location(s) Santa Fe, New Mexico
Culver City, California Cinematography Bill Pope Editor(s) John Duffy
Eric Lea
Michael O'Halloran Running time 4144 minutes [1] Production company(s) Cosmos Studios
Fuzzy Door Productions
Santa Fe Studios Distributor 20th Television Release Original network Fox
National Geographic Channel Picture format Original release March 9
June 8, 2014 Chronology Preceded by Cosmos: A Personal Voyage Followed by Cosmos: Possible Worlds
Cosmos Season 1 Episode 1
Cosmos A Spacetime Odyssey Episodes S1 E12
Cosmos A Spacetime Odyssey Episodes Free Download
Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey is a 2014 American science documentary television series. [2] The show is a follow-up to the 1980 television series Cosmos: A Personal Voyage , which was presented by Carl Sagan on the Public Broadcasting Service and is considered a milestone for scientific documentaries. This series was developed to bring back the foundation of science to network television at the height of other scientific-based television series and films. The show is presented by astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson, who, as a young high school student, was inspired by Sagan. Among the executive producers are Seth MacFarlane, whose financial investment was instrumental in bringing the show to broadcast television, and Ann Druyan, a co-author and co-creator of the original television series and Sagan's wife. [3] The show is produced by Brannon Braga, and Alan Silvestri composed the backing score. [4]
Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey is a 13-part series investigating how the laws of nature and our position in the universe were determined. Narrated by famed astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson, it presents scientific concepts in a way accessible to the layperson. The Ship of the Imagination travels across the cosmos to discover the possibility of beings that live forever and explain why other civilizations perish. Then, visit the Cosmic Calendar of the Future and contemplate what lies ahead with a hopeful vision.
The series loosely follows the same thirteen-episode format and storytelling approach that the original Cosmos used, including elements such as the 'Ship of the Imagination' and the 'Cosmic Calendar', but features information updated since the 1980 series, along with extensive computer-generated graphics and animation footage augmenting the narration.
The series premiered on March 9, 2014, [5] simultaneously in the United States across ten 21st Century Fox networks. The remainder of the series aired on the Fox Network, with the National Geographic Channel rebroadcasting the episodes the next night with extra content. [6] The series has been rebroadcast internationally in dozens of other countries by local National Geographic and Fox stations. The series concluded on June 8, 2014, with home media release of the entire series on June 10, 2014. Cosmos has been critically praised, winning several television broadcasting awards and a Peabody Award for educational content.
On January 13, 2018, Fox announced another season titled Cosmos: Possible Worlds , initially scheduled to start broadcast on March 3, 2019. This date was then scrapped due to misconduct allegations of Tyson. On March 15, 2019, Fox released a statement saying they were moving forward with Cosmos and were committed to finding an air date. [7]
1 Production
5 Reception Production [ edit ] Background [ edit ]
The original 13-part Cosmos: A Personal Voyage first aired in 1980 on the Public Broadcasting Service, and was hosted by Carl Sagan. The show has been considered highly significant since its broadcast; David Itzkoff of The New York Times described it as 'a watershed moment for science-themed television programming'. [8] The show has been watched by at least 400 million people across 60 different countries, [8] and until the 1990 documentary The Civil War , remained the network's highest rated program. [9]
Following Sagan's death in 1996, his widow Ann Druyan, the co-creator of the original Cosmos series along with Steven Soter, and astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson sought to create a new version of the series, aimed to appeal to as wide an audience as possible and not just to those interested in the sciences. They had struggled for years with reluctant television networks that failed to see the broad appeal of the show. [8] Development [ edit ] Seth MacFarlane was instrumental in obtaining network funding for Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey , and also serves as an executive producer.
Seth MacFarlane had met Druyan through Tyson at the 2008 kickoff event for the Science Entertainment Exchange, a new Los Angeles office of the National Academy of Sciences, designed to connect Hollywood writers and directors with scientists. [10] A year later, at a 2009 lunch in New York City with Tyson, MacFarlane learned of their interest to re-create Cosmos . He was influenced by Cosmos as a child, believing that Cosmos served to '[bridge] the gap between the academic community and the general public'. [10] At the time MacFarlane told Tyson, 'I'm at a point in my career where I have some disposable income ... and Id like to spend it on something worthwhile.' [11] MacFarlane had considered the reduction of effort for space travel in recent decades to be part of 'our culture of lethargy'. [8] MacFarlane, who has several series on the Fox network, was able to bring Druyan to meet the heads of Fox programming, Peter Rice and Kevin Reilly, and helped secure the greenlighting of the show. [8] MacFarlane admits that he is 'the least essential person in this equation' and the effort is a departure from work he's done before, but considers this to be 'very comfortable territory for me personally'. [8] He and Druyan have become close friends, and Druyan stated that she believed that Sagan and MacFarlane would have been 'kindred spirits' with their respective 'protean talents'. [8] In June 2012, MacFarlane provided funding to allow about 800 boxes of Sagan's personal notes and correspondences to be donated to the Library of Congress. [10] Interior of the 'Ship of the Imagination': top, from the original 1980 Cosmos series, with Carl Sagan in the chair; bottom, from the 2014 series, with Neil deGrasse Tyson in the chair.
In a Point of Inquiry interview, Tyson discussed their goal of capturing the 'spirit of the original Cosmos ', which he describes as 'uplifting themes that called people to action'. [12] Druyan describes the themes of wonder and skepticism they are infusing into the scripts, in an interview with Skepticality , 'In order for it to qualify on our show it has to touch you. It still has to be rigorously good scienceno cutting corners on that. But then, it also has to be that equal part skepticism and wonder both.' [13] In a Big Picture Science interview, Tyson credits the success of the original series for the proliferation of science programming, The task for the next generation of Cosmos is a little bit different because I dont need to teach you textbook science. Theres a lot of textbook science in the original Cosmos , but thats not what you remember most. What most people who remember the original series remember most is the effort to present science in a way that has meaning to you that can influence your conduct as a citizen of the nation and of the worldespecially of the world. Tyson states that the new series will contain both new material and updated versions of topics in the original series, but primarily, will service the needs of todays population'. We want to make a program that is not simply a sequel to the first, but issues forth from the times in which we are making it, so that it matters to those who is this emergent 21st century audience. [14] Tyson considered that recent successes of science-oriented shows like The Big Bang Theory and CSI: Crime Scene Investigation , along with films like Gravity , showed that 'science has become mainstream' and expects Cosmos 'will land on hugely fertile ground'. [11]
Tyson spoke about the 'love-hate relationship' viewers had with the original series' Spaceship of the Imagination, but confirmed during production that they were developing 'vehicles of storytelling'. [12] Tyson affirmed that defining elements of the original series, such as the Spaceship of the Imagination and the Cosmic Calendar with improved special effects, as well as new elements, would be present. Animation for these sequences was ultimately created by a team hand-picked by MacFarlane for the series. [11] Kara Vallow developed and produced the animation, and the animation studio used was Six Point Harness in Los Angeles, California. [15] The sound of the Spaceship of the Imagination, and sound design in general, was created by Rick Steele, who said of the show: 'Cosmos has been, by far, the most challenging show of my career.' [16] The updated Spaceship was designed to 'remain timeless and very simple', according to MacFarlane, using the ceiling to project future events and the floor for those in the past, to allow Tyson, as the host, to 'take [the viewer] to the places that hes talking about'. [17] Episodes [ edit ] No. Title Directed by Original air date Prod.
code  [18] US viewers
(millions) 1 'Standing Up in the Milky Way' Brannon Braga March 9, 2014 101 5.77 [19] / 8.5 [20] The Earth's location within the Virgo Supercluster.
Tyson opens the episode to reflect on the importance of Sagan's original Cosmos , and the goals of this series. He introduces the viewer to the 'Ship of the Imagination', the show's narrative device to explore the universe's past, present, and future. Tyson takes the viewer to show where Earth sits in the scope of the known universe, defining the Earth's 'address' within the Virgo Supercluster. Tyson explains how humanity has not always seen the universe in this manner, and describes the hardships and persecution of Renaissance ItalianGiordano Bruno in challenging the prevailing geocentric model held by the Catholic Church. To show Bruno's vision of the cosmic order he uses an animated adaptation of the Flammarion engraving, a 19th century illustration that has now become a common meme for the revealing of the mysteries of the Universe. The episode continues onto the scope of time, using the concept of the Cosmic Calendar as used in the original series to provide a metaphor for this scale. The narration describes how if the Big Bang occurred on January 1, all of humankind's recorded history would be compressed into the last few seconds of the last minute on December 31. Tyson concludes the episode by recounting how Sagan inspired him as a student as well as his other contributions to the scientific community. 2 'Some of the Things That Molecules Do' Bill Pope March 16, 2014 102 4.95 [21] The diversity of species as shown via the Tree of Life.
The episode covers several facets of the origin of life and evolution. Tyson describes both artificial selection via selective breeding, using the example of humankind's domestication of wolves into dogs, and natural selection that created species like polar bears. Tyson uses the Ship of the Imagination to show how DNA, genes, and mutation work, and how these led to the diversity of species as represented by the Tree of life, including how complex organs such as the eye came about as a common element. Tyson describes extinction of species and the five great extinction events that wiped out numerous species on Earth, while some species, such as the tardigrade, were able to survive and continue life. Tyson speculates on the possibility of life on other planets, such as Saturn's moon, Titan, as well as how abiogenesis may have originated life on Earth. The episode concludes with an animation from the original Cosmos showing the evolution of life from a single cell to humankind today. 3 'When Knowledge Conquered Fear' Brannon Braga March 23, 2014 103 4.25 [22] The first page of Isaac Newton's 1687 Philosophi Naturalis Principia Mathematica Tyson describes how pattern recognition manifested in early civilization as using astronomy and astrology to predict the passing of the seasons, including how the passage of a comet was often taken as an omen. Tyson then explains that the origin of comets only became known in the 20th century due to the work of Jan Oort and his hypothesis of the Oort cloud.
Tyson then relates the collaboration between Edmond Halley and Isaac Newton in the last part of the 17th century in Cambridge. The collaboration would result in the publication of Philosophi Naturalis Principia Mathematica , the first major work to describe the laws of physics in mathematical terms, despite objections and claims of plagiarism from Robert Hooke and financial difficulties of the Royal Society of London. Tyson explains how this work challenged the prevailing notion that God had planned out the heavens, but would end up influencing many factors of modern life, including space flight. Tyson describes Halley's contributions based on Newton's work, including determining Earth's distance to the Sun, the motion of stars and predicting the orbit of then-unnamed Halley's Comet using Newton's laws. Tyson contrasts these scientific approaches to understanding the galaxy compared to what earlier civilizations had done, and considers this advancement as humankind's first steps into exploring the universe. The episode ends with an animation of the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies' merging based on the principles of Newton's laws. 4 'A Sky Full of Ghosts' Brannon Braga March 30, 2014 105 3.91 [23] An artist's concept of a black hole's accretion disk.
Tyson begins the episode by explaining the nature of the speed of light and how much of what is seen of the observable universe is from light emanated from billions of years in the past. Tyson further explains how modern astronomy has used such analyses via deep time to identify the Big Bang event and the age of the universe.
Tyson proceeds to describe how the work of Isaac Newton, William Herschel, Michael Faraday, and James Clerk Maxwell contributed to understanding the nature of electromagnetic waves and gravitational force, and how this work led towards Albert Einstein's Theory of Relativity, that the speed of light is a fundamental constant of the universe and gravity can be seen as distortion of the fabric of space-time. Tyson describes the concept of dark stars as postulated by John Michell which are not visible but detectable by tracking other stars trapped within their gravity wells, an idea Herschel used to discover binary stars.
Tyson then describes the nature of black holes, their enormous gravitational forces that can even capture light, and their discovery via X-ray sources such as Cygnus X-1. Tyson uses the Ship of Imagination to provide a postulate of the warping of spacetime and time dilation as one enters the event horizon of the black hole, and the possibility that these may lead to other points within our universe or others, or even time travel. Tyson ends on noting that Herschel's son, John would be inspired by his father to continue to document the known stars as well as contributions towards photography that play on the same nature of deep time used by astronomers. Animated sequences in this episode feature caricatures of William and John Herschel; Patrick Stewart provided the voice for William in these segments. 5 'Hiding in the Light' Bill Pope April 6, 2014 104 3.98 [24] Representative Fraunhofer lines used in astronomical spectroscopy to determine the composition of distant stellar objects
This episode explores the wave theory of light as studied by humankind, noting that light has played an important role in scientific progress, with such early experiments from over 2000 years ago involving the camera obscura by the Chinese philosopher Mozi. Tyson describes the work of the 11th century Arabic scientist Ibn al-Haytham, considered to be one of the first to postulate on the nature of light and optics leading to the concept of the telescope, as well as one of the first researchers to use the scientific method. Tyson proceeds to discuss the nature of light as discovered by humankind. Work by Isaac Newton using diffraction through prisms demonstrated that light was composed of the visible spectrum, while findings of William Herschel in the 19th century showed that light also consisted of infrared rays. Joseph von Fraunhofer would later come to discover that by magnifying the spectrum of visible light, gaps in the spectrum would be observed. These Fraunhofer lines would later be determined to be caused by the absorption of light by electrons in moving between atomic orbitals (in the show illustrated by the Bohr model) when it passed through atoms, with each atom having a characteristic signature due to the quantum nature of these orbitals. This since has led to the core of astronomical spectroscopy, allowing astronomers to make observations about the composition of stars, planets, and other stellar features through the spectral lines, as well as observing the motion and expansion of the universe, and the hypothesized existence of dark matter. 6 'Deeper, Deeper, Deeper Still' Bill Pope April 13, 2014 106 3.49 [25] Supernova SN 1987A demonstrated the existence of neutrinos.
This episode looks to the nature of the cosmos on the micro and atomic scales, using the Ship of the Imagination to explore these realms. Tyson describes some of the micro-organisms that live within a dew drop, demonstrating parameciums and tardigrades. He proceeds to discuss how plants use photosynthesis via their chloroplasts to convert sunlight into chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich sugars. Tyson then discusses the nature of molecules and atoms and how they relate to the evolution of species. He uses the example set forth by Charles Darwin postulating the existence of the long-tongued Morgan's sphinx moth based on the nature of the comet orchid with pollen far within the flower. He further demonstrates that scents from flowers are used to trigger olfactory centers in the brain, stimulating the mind to threats as to aid in the survival of the species. Tyson narrates how two Greek philosophers contributed to our understanding of science. Thales was among the first thinkers to examine a 'universe governed by the order of natural laws that we could actually figure out,' and Democritus postulated that all matter was made up of combinations of atoms in a large number of configurations. He then describes how carbon forms the basic building block for life on Earth due to its unique chemical nature. Tyson explains the basic atomic structure of protons, neutrons, and electrons, and the process of nuclear fusion that occurs in most stars that can overcome the electrostatic forces that normally keeps atoms from touching each other. He then discusses the existence of neutrinos that are created by these nuclear processes, and that typically pass through all matter, making them virtually undetectable. He explains how subterranean water pool facilities lined with special detectors like the Super-Kamiokande are used to detect neutrinos when they collide with water molecules, and how neutrinos from supernova SN 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud were detected three hours before the photons of light from the explosion were observed due to the neutrinos' ability to pass through matter of the dying star. Tyson concludes by noting that there are neutrinos from the Big Bang still existing in the universe but due to the nature of light, there is a 'wall of infinity' that cannot be observed beyond. 7 'The Clean Room' Brannon Braga April 20, 2014 107 3.74 [27] Meteor fragments from Meteor Crater in Arizona were used to estimate the age of the Earth and other materials in the Solar System.
This episode is centered around how science, in particular the work of Clair Patterson (voiced in animated sequences by Richard Gere [26] ) in the middle of the 20th century, was able to determine the age of the Earth. Tyson first describes how the Earth was formed from the coalescence of matter some millions of years after the formation of the Sun, and while scientists can examine the formations in rock stratum to date some geological events, these can only trace back millions of years. Instead, scientists have used the debris from meteor impacts, such as the Meteor Crater in Arizona, knowing that the material from such meteors coming from the asteroid belt would have been made at the same time as the Earth.
Tyson then outlines the work Patterson did as a graduate under his adviser Harrison Brown to provide an accurate count of lead in zircon particles from Meteor Crater, and to work with similar results being collected by George Tilton on uranium counts; with the established half-life of uranium's radioactive decay to lead, this would be used to estimate the age of the Earth. Patterson found that his results were contaminated by lead from the ambient environment, compared to Tilton's results, and required the construction of the first ultra-high cleanroom to remove all traces of environmental lead. With these clean results, Patterson was able to estimate the age of the Earth to 4.5 billion years. Tyson goes on to explain that Patterson's work in performing lead-free experiments directed him to investigate the sources for lead. Tyson notes how lead does not naturally occur at Earth's surface but has been readily mined by humans (including the Roman Empire), and that lead is poisonous to humans. Patterson examined the levels of lead in the common environment and in deeper parts of the oceans and Antarctic ice, showing that lead had only been brought to the surface in recent times. He would discover that the higher levels of lead were from the use of tetraethyllead in leaded gasoline, despite long-established claims by Robert A. Kehoe and others that this chemical was safe. Patterson would continue to campaign against the use of lead, ultimately resulting in government-mandated restrictions on the use of lead. Tyson ends by noting that similar work by scientists continues to be used to help alert humankind to other fateful issues that can be identified by the study of nature. 8 'Sisters of the Sun' Brannon Braga April 27, 2014 108 3.66 [28] The Harvard Computers that helped to classify the types of stars
This episode provides an overview of the composition of stars, and their fate in billions of years. Tyson describes how early humans would identify stars via the use of constellations that tied in with various myths and beliefs, such as the Pleiades. Tyson describes the work of Edward Charles Pickering to capture the spectra of multiple stars simultaneously, and the work of the Harvard Computers or 'Pickering's Harem', a team of women researchers under Pickering's mentorship, to catalog the spectra. This team included Annie Jump Cannon, who developed the stellar classification system, and Henrietta Swan Leavitt, who discovered the means to measure the distance from a star to the Earth by its spectra, later used to identify other galaxies in the universe. Later, this team included Cecilia Payne, who would develop a good friendship with Cannon; Payne's thesis based on her work with Cannon was able to determine the composition and temperature of the stars, collaborating with Cannon's classification system. Tyson then explains the lifecycle of stars, being borne out from interstellar clouds. He explains how stars like the Sun keep their size due to the conflicting forces of gravity that pulls the gases in, and the expansion from escaping gases from the fusion reactions at its core. As the Sun ages, it will grow hotter and brighter to the point where the balance between these reactions will fail, causing the Sun to first expand into a red giant, and then collapse into a white dwarf, the collapse limited by the atomic forces. Tyson explains how larger stars may form even more collapsed forms of matter, creating novas and supernovas depending on their size and leading to pulsars. Massive stars can collapse into black holes. Tyson then describes that stars can only be so large, using the example of Eta Carinae which is considered an unstable solar mass that could become a hypernova in the relatively near future. Tyson ends describing how all matter on Earth is the same stuff that stars are made of, and that light and energy from the stars is what drives life on Earth. 9 'The Lost Worlds of Planet Earth' Brannon Braga May 4, 2014 110 4.08 [29] A map of Earth's tectonic plates
This episode explores the palaeogeography of Earth over millions of years, and its impact on the development of life on the planet. Tyson starts by explaining that the lignin-rich trees evolved in the Carboniferous era about 300 million years ago, were not edible by species at the time and would instead fall over and become carbon-rich coal. Some 50 million years later, near the end of the Permian period, volcanic activity would burn the carbonaceous matter, releasing carbon dioxide and acidic components, creating a sudden greenhouse gas effect that warmed the oceans and released methane from the ocean beds, all leading towards the PermianTriassic extinction event, killing 90 of the species on Earth.
Tyson then explains the nature of plate tectonics that would shape the landmasses of the world. Tyson explains how scientists like Abraham Ortelius hypothesized the idea that land masses may have been connected in the past, Alfred Wegener who hypothesized the idea of a super-continent Pangaea and continental drift despite the prevailing idea of flooded land-bridges at the time, and Bruce C. Heezen and Marie Tharp who discovered the Mid-Atlantic Ridge that supported the theory of plate tectonics. Tyson describes how the landmasses of the Earth lay atop the mantle, which moves due to the motion and heat of the Earth's outer and inner core. Tyson moves on to explain the asteroid impact that initiated the CretaceousPaleogene extinction event, leaving small mammals as the dominant species on Earth. Tyson proceeds to describe more recent geologic events such as the formation of the Mediterranean Sea due to the breaking of the natural dam at the Strait of Gibraltar, and how the geologic formation of the Isthmus of Panama broke the free flow of the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific, causing large-scale climate change such as turning the bulk of Africa from lush grasslands into arid plains and further influencing evolution towards tree-climbing mammals. Tyson further explains how the influence of other planets in the Solar System have small effects on the Earth's spin and tilt, creating the various ice ages, and how these changes influenced early human's nomadic behavior. Tyson concludes the episode by noting how Earth's landmasses are expected to change in the future and postulates what may be the next great extinction event. 10 'The Electric Boy' Bill Pope May 11, 2014 109 3.46 [30] Michael Faraday presenting his experiments with electromagnetism at a Christmas Lecture, 1856
This episode provides an overview of the nature of electromagnetism, as discovered through the work of Michael Faraday. Tyson explains how the idea of another force of nature, similar to gravitational forces, had been postulated by Isaac Newton before. Tyson continues on Faraday, coming from poor beginnings, would end up becoming interested in studying electricity after reading books and seeing lectures by Humphry Davy at the Royal Institution. Davy would hire Faraday after seeing extensive notes he had taken to act as his secretary and lab assistant.
After Davy and chemist William Hyde Wollaston unsuccessfully tried to build on Hans Christian rsted's discovery of the electromagnetic phenomena to harness the ability to create motion from electricity, Faraday was able to create his own device to create the first electric motor by applying electricity aligned along a magnet. Davy, bitter over Faraday's breakthrough, put Faraday on the task of improving the quality of high-quality optical glass, preventing Faraday from continuing his research. Faraday, undeterred, continued to work in the Royal Institution, and created the Christmas Lectures designed to teach science to children. Following Davy's death, Faraday returned to full time efforts studying electromagnetism, creating the first electrical generator by inserting a magnet in a coil of wires. Tyson continues to note that despite losing some of his mental capacity, Faraday concluded that electricity and magnetism were connected by unseen fields, and postulated that light may also be tied to these forces. Using a sample of the optical glass that Davy had him make, Faraday discovered that an applied magnetic field could affect the polarization of light passing through the glass sample (a dielectric material), leading to what is called the Faraday effect and connecting these three forces. Faraday postulated that these fields existed across the planet, which would later be called Earth's magnetic field generated by the rotating molten iron inner core, as well as the phenomena that caused the planets to rotate around the Sun. Faraday's work was initially rejected by the scientific community due to his lack of mathematical support, but James Clerk Maxwell would later come to rework Faraday's theories into the Maxwell's equations that validated Faraday's theories. Their combined efforts created the basis of science that drives the principles of modern communications today. 11 'The Immortals' Brannon Braga May 18, 2014 111 3.24 [31] Carl Sagan with a replica of the Mars Viking program lander
This episode covers how life may have developed on Earth and the possibility of life on other planets. Tyson begins by explaining how the human development of writing systems enabled the transfer of information through generations, describing how Princess Enheduanna ca. 2280 BC would be one of the first to sign her name to her works, and how Gilgamesh collected stories, including that of Utnapishtim documenting a great flood comparable to the story of Noah's Ark. Tyson explains how DNA similarly records information to propagate life, and postulates theories of how DNA originated on Earth, including evolution from a shallow tide pool, or from the ejecta of meteor collisions from other planets. In the latter case, Tyson explains how comparing the composition of the Nakhla meteorite in 1911 to results collected by the Viking program demonstrated that material from Mars could transit to Earth, and the ability of some microbes to survive the harsh conditions of space. With the motions of solar systems through the galaxy over billions of years, life could conceivably propagate from planet to planet in the same manner. Tyson then moves on to consider if life on other planets could exist. He explains how Project Diana performed in the 1940s showed that radio waves are able to travel in space, and that all of humanity's broadcast signals continue to radiate into space from our planet. Tyson notes that projects have since looked for similar signals potentially emanating from other solar systems. Tyson then explains that the development and lifespan of extraterrestrial civilizations must be considered for such detection to be realized. He notes that civilizations can be wiped out by cosmic events like supernovae, natural disasters such as the Toba disaster, or even self-destruct through war or other means, making probability estimates difficult. Tyson describes how elliptical galaxies, in which some of the oldest red dwarf stars exist, would offer the best chance of finding established civilizations. Tyson concludes that human intelligence properly applied should allow our species to avoid such disasters and enable us to migrate beyond the Earth before the Sun's eventual transformation into a red giant. Princess Enheduanna's animation is modeled on CNN's Christiane Amanpour, who also did Enheduanna's voice. 12 'The World Set Free' Brannon Braga June 1, 2014 112 3.52 [32] The increase in surface temperatures on Earth due to global warming
This episode explores the nature of the greenhouse effect (discovered by Joseph Fourier and Svante Arrhenius), and the evidence demonstrating the existence of global warming from humanity's influence. Tyson begins by describing the long-term history of the planet Venus; based on readings from the Venera series of probes to the planet, the planet once had an ocean and an atmosphere, but due to the release of carbon dioxide from volcanic eruptions, the runaway greenhouse effect on Venus caused the surface temperatures to increase and boiled away the oceans.
Tyson then notes the delicate nature of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can influence Earth's climate due to the greenhouse effect, and that levels of carbon dioxide have been increasing since the start of the 20th century. Evidence has shown this to be from humankind's consumption of oil, coal, and gas instead of from volcanic eruptions due to the isotopic signature of the carbon dioxide. The increase in carbon dioxide has led to an increase in temperatures, in turn leading to positive feedback loops of the melting polar ice caps and dethawing of the permafrost to increase carbon dioxide levels. Tyson then notes that humans have discovered means of harvesting solar power, such as Augustin Mouchot's solar-driven motor in the 19th century, and Frank Shuman's solar-based steam generator in the 1910s. Tyson points out that in both cases, the economics and ease of using cheap coal and oil caused these inventions to be overlooked at the time. Today, solar and wind-power systems would be able to collect enough solar energy from the sun easily. Tyson then compares the motivation for switching to these cleaner forms of energy to the efforts of the Space race and emphasizes that it is not too late for humanity to correct its course. 13 'Unafraid of the Dark' Ann Druyan June 8, 2014 113 3.09 [33] Earth as a pale blue dot in the middle of the band of light, taken by Voyager I from outside the orbit of Neptune
Tyson begins the episode by noting how the destruction of the Library of Alexandria lost much of humanity's knowledge to that point. He then contrasts on the strive for humanity to continue to discover new facts about the universe and the need to not close off further discovery.
Tyson then proceeds to describe the discovery of cosmic rays by Victor Hess through high-altitude balloon trips, where radiation increased the farther one was from the surface. SwissAstronomerFritz Zwicky, in studying supernovae, postulated that these cosmic rays originated from these events instead of electromagnetic radiation. Zwicky would continue to study supernovae, and by looking at standard candles that they emitted, estimated the movement of the galaxies in the universe. His calculations suggested that there must be more mass in the universe than those apparent in the observable galaxies, and called this dark matter. Initially forgotten, Zwicky's theory was confirmed by the work of Vera Rubin, who observed that the rotation of stars at the edges of observable galaxies did not follow expected rotational behavior without considering dark matter. This further led to the proposal of dark energy as a viable theory to account for the universe's increasing rate of expansion.
Tyson then describes the interstellar travel, using the two Voyager probes. Besides the abilities to identify several features on the planets of the Solar System, Voyager I was able to recently demonstrate the existence of the Sun's variable heliosphere which helps buffer the Solar System from interstellar winds. Tyson describes Carl Sagan's role in the Voyager program, including creating the Voyager Golden Record to encapsulate humanity and Earth's position in the universe, and convincing the program directors to have Voyager I to take a picture of Earth from beyond the orbit of Neptune, creating the image of the Pale Blue Dot . Tyson concludes the series by emphasizing Sagan's message on the human condition in the vastness of the cosmos, and to encourage viewers to continue to explore and discover what else the universe has to offer. The series concludes with the empty-seated Ship of the Imagination leaving Earth and traveling through space as Tyson looks on from planet Earth. Cast [ edit ]
Neil deGrasse Tyson (host)
Carl Sagan (archive footage)
Peter Emshwiller as George Tilton
Piotr Michael as Edmund Muskie
Seth MacFarlane as Giordano Bruno
John Steven Rocha as Robert Bellarmine
Paul Telfer as an angry scholar
Michael Chochol as Jan Oort
Kirsten Dunst as Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin
Cary Elwes as Edmond Halley and Robert Hooke
Richard Gere as Clair Patterson
Jonathan Morgan Heit as John Herschel
Martin Jarvis as Humphry Davy
Tom Konkle as Samuel Pepys
Marlee Matlin as Annie Jump Cannon
Alfred Molina as Ibn al-Haytham [34]
Heiko Obermoller as Hermann Einstein
Julian Ovenden as Michael Faraday
Nadia Rochelle Pfarr as Malala Yousafzai
Enn Reitel as Albert Einstein
Wesley Salter as James Clerk Maxwell
Amanda Seyfried as Marie Tharp
Alexander Siddig as Isaac Newton
Andr Sogliuzzo as Christopher Wren and Weichelberger
Patrick Stewart as William Herschel
Oliver Vaquer as Joseph von Fraunhofer
Julie Wittner as Sarah Faraday
Marc Worden as Harrison Brown Broadcast [ edit ] NASA video: Station Astronauts Do Experiment for Cosmos Astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson hosts and narrates the show.
In August 2011, the show was officially announced for primetime broadcast in the spring of 2014. The show is a co-production of Druyan's Cosmos Studios, MacFarlane's Fuzzy Door Productions, and National Geographic Channel; Druyan, MacFarlane, Cosmos Studios' Mitchell Cannold, and director Brannon Braga are the executive producers. [35]
Fox's CEO Kevin Reilly considered that the show would be a risk and outside the network's typical programming, but that 'we believe this can have the same massive cultural impact that the original series delivered,' and committed the network's resources to the show. [35] The show would first be broadcast on Fox, re-airing the same night on the National Geographic Channel. [35]
In Canada, it was broadcast simultaneously on Global, National Geographic Channel and Nat Geo Wild. [36] A preview of the show's first episode was aired for student filmmakers at the White House Student Film Festival on February 28, 2014. [37]
Cosmos premiered simultaneously in the US across ten Fox networks: Fox, FX, FXX, FXM, Fox Sports 1, Fox Sports 2, National Geographic Channel, Nat Geo WILD, Nat Geo Mundo, and Fox Life. According to Fox Networks, this was the first time that a TV show was set to premiere in a global simulcast across their network of channels. [38]
The Fox network broadcast averaged about 5.8 million viewers in Nielsen's affiliate-based estimates for the 9 oclock hour Sunday, as well as a 2.1 rating/5 share in adults 18-49. The under-50 audience was roughly 60 men. Viewing on other networks raised these totals to 8.5 million and a 2.9 rating in the demo, according to Nielsen. [39] Reception [ edit ] Critical reception [ edit ] The crew of Cosmos at the 74th Annual Peabody Awards. From left to right: Ann Druyan, Neil deGrasse Tyson, Mitchell Cannold and Brannon Braga.
Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey has received highly positive reviews from critics, receiving a Metacritic rating of 83 out of 100 based on 19 reviews. [40]
The miniseries won the 4th Critics' Choice Television Award for 'Best Reality Series', with Tyson awarded for 'Best Reality Host'. [41] The miniseries was also nominated for 'Outstanding Achievement in News and Information' for the 30th TCA Awards [42] and 12 Emmy Awards, including 'Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Series'. [43] [44] The program won the Emmy for 'Outstanding Writing for Nonfiction Programming' and 'Outstanding Sound Editing for Nonfiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)', and Silvestri won the Emmys for both 'Outstanding Original Main Title Theme Music' and 'Outstanding Music Composition for a Series (Original Dramatic Score)'. [45] The series won a 2014 Peabody Award within the Education category. [46] In 2014, the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSICOP) presented Cosmos with the Robert B. Balles Prize in Critical Thinking. ' Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey opened the eyes of a new generation to humanitys triumphs, its mistakes, and its astounding potential to reach unimagined heights.' [47] Criticism [ edit ]
The new miniseries has been criticized by some Christians and the religious right for some of the things stated during the show. [48] Christian fundamentalists were upset that the scientific theories covered in the show opposed the Genesis creation narrative in the Bible. [49] The Catholic League was upset that the science show 'smears' Catholicism. A spokesman for the League noted how the show focused on Giordano Bruno, whom the Catholic Church turned over to secular authorities to be burnt at the stake for blasphemy, immoral conduct, and heresy in matters of dogmatic theology, in addition to some of the basic doctrines of his philosophy and cosmology, and stated that the show 'skipped Copernicus and Galileotwo far more consequential men in proving and disseminating the heliocentric theorybecause in their cases, the Church's role was much more complicated'. [50] Home media release [ edit ]
Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey was released on Blu-ray and DVD on June 10, 2014 [51] by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. The set contains all 13 episodes, plus an audio commentary on the first episode, and three featurettes: 'Celebrating Carl Sagan: A Selection from the Library of Congress Dedication', ' Cosmos at Comic-Con 2013' and ' Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey The Voyage Continues'. Exclusive to the Blu-ray version is the interactive Cosmic Calendar. [52] Sequel series [ edit ]
On January 13, 2018, it was announced that another season titled Cosmos: Possible Worlds would debut in 2019 on Fox and National Geographic channels. It will again be hosted by Neil deGrasse Tyson and executive produced by Ann Druyan, Seth MacFarlane, Brannon Braga, and Jason Clark. [53] [54] The studio portions are being filmed at Santa Fe Studios with plans for location shooting in the Pacific Northwest, Europe, and Asia. Druyan expects the series to be more inspiring, with a strong emphasis on a hopeful future, and she hopes that the series will help correct antiscience rhetoric and policies. [55]
The 13-episode series was slated to premiere on March 3, 2019, on Fox, and the following day on National Geographic, [56] [57] however, on February 15, 2019, it was announced that due to the ongoing investigation of sexual harassment allegations against Tyson, the series would be delayed. [58] [59]
On March 15, 2019, both NatGeo and Fox cleared Tyson to return to TV, and that both StarTalk and Cosmos would resume, but no date was set at that time. [7] See also [ edit ] References [ edit ]
'Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey, Season 1'. iTunes . Retrieved May 29, 2016 .
Overbye, Dennis (March 4, 2014). 'A Successor to Sagan Reboots 'Cosmos ' '. The New York Times . Retrieved March 4, 2014 .
Sellers, John (August 5, 2011). 'Seth MacFarlane to Produce Sequel to Carl Sagan's 'Cosmos ' '. Reuters . Retrieved October 29, 2012 .
'Alan Silvestri to Score 'Cosmos A Spacetime Odyssey ' '. Film Music Reporter. January 14, 2014 . Retrieved August 11, 2014 .
'Library of Congress Officially Opens The Seth MacFarlane Collection of Carl Sagan and Ann Druyan Archive'. News from the Library of Congress . November 12, 2013 . Retrieved November 12, 2013 .
Stieber, Zachary (March 9, 2014). ' ' Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey' Premiere: Air Date, Time, TV Channel, Live Stream'. Epoch Times . Retrieved March 16, 2014 .
a b Porter, Rick (March 15, 2019). 'Neil deGrasse Tyson Cleared to Return to TV by Fox, Nat Geo'. The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved June 2, 2019 .
a b c d e f g Itzkoff, Dave (August 5, 2011). ' ' Family Guy' Creator Part of 'Cosmos' Update'. The New York Times . Retrieved June 28, 2012 .
Blake, Meredith (May 13, 2013). '2013 Upfronts: Fox, Seth MacFarlane to reboot Carl Sagan's 'Cosmos ' '. Los Angeles Times . Retrieved July 22, 2013 .
a b c 'Science geek Seth MacFarlane donates to Carl Sagan's notes collection'. Washington Post . November 12, 2013 . Retrieved March 6, 2014 .
a b c Shear, Lynn (January 11, 2014). 'Neil deGrasse Tyson: Cosmos's Master of the Universe'. Parade . Retrieved January 11, 2014 .
a b 'Neil deGrasse Tyson Space Chronicles'. Center for Inquiry. April 2, 2012 . Retrieved August 26, 2012 .
'Ankylosaur of the Cosmos'. Skepticality . September 27, 2011 . Retrieved August 26, 2012 .
Niederhoff, Gary (March 12, 2012). 'Big Picture Science Seth's Cabinet of Wonders'. SETI . Retrieved August 26, 2012 .
McNally, Victoria (March 6, 2014). 'Learn More About the Awesome Animation Sequences in Cosmos From Producer Kara Vallow'. The Mary Sue . Retrieved March 6, 2014 .
Andersen, Asbjoern (June 16, 2014). 'Creating The Breathtaking Sound Of 'COSMOS: A Spacetime Odyssey ' '. A Sound Effect . Retrieved August 11, 2014 .
Bierly, Mandi (March 8, 2014). 'Seth MacFarlane explains the new ship on 'Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey ' '. Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved March 8, 2014 .
'Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey Listings'. The Futon Critic . Retrieved August 6, 2016 .
Kondolojy, Amanda (March 11, 2014). 'Sunday Final Ratings: 'Resurrection', 'Once Upon a Time' 'The Amazing Race' Adjusted Up'. TV by the Numbers . Retrieved March 27, 2014 .
Collins, Scott (March 10, 2014). 'Neil deGrasse Tyson's 'Cosmos' premiere ratings: 40M first week?'. Los Angeles Times . Retrieved March 27, 2014 .
Bibel, Sara (March 18, 2014). 'Sunday Final Ratings: 'Once Upon A Time', 'Resurrection', 'America's Funniest Home Videos', 'Cosmos', 'American Dad' 'Believe' Adjusted Up'. TV by the Numbers . Retrieved March 27, 2014 .
Kondolojy, Amanda (March 25, 2014). 'Sunday Final Ratings: 'America's Funniest Home Videos', 'Once Upon a Time', 'American Dad' 'The Mentalist' Adjusted Up; '60 Minutes', 'Revenge' 'The Good Wife' Adjusted Down'. TV by the Numbers . Retrieved March 27, 2014 .
Bibel, Sara (April 1, 2014). 'Sunday Final Ratings: 'The Good Wife', 'Resurrection', 'Crisis', '60 Minutes' 'America's Funniest Home Videos' Adjusted Up; 'The Mentalist' Adjusted Down'. TV by the Numbers . Retrieved April 1, 2014 .
Kondolojy, Amanda (April 8, 2014). 'Sunday Final Ratings: 'Once Upon a Time', 'American Dream Builders', 'America's Funniest Home Videos' 'Resurrection' Adjusted Up'. TV by the Numbers . Retrieved April 8, 2014 .
Bibel, Sara (April 15, 2014). 'Sunday Final Ratings: 'Resurrection', 'Once Upon a Time', 'The Simpsons', 'The Amazing Race', 'Cosmos', 'The Mentalist' 'America's Funniest Home Videos' Adjusted Up; '60 Minutes' Adjusted Down'. TV by the Numbers . Retrieved April 15, 2014 .
Gannon, Megan (April 19, 2014). ' ' Cosmos' App Puts the Universe in Your Smartphone'. Space.com . Retrieved April 20, 2014 .
Kondolojy, Amanda (April 22, 2014). 'Sunday Final Ratings: 'The Amazing Race' Adjusted Up; 'Dateline', 'American Dream Builders', 'The Good Wife' 'Believe' Adjusted Down'. TV by the Numbers . Retrieved April 22, 2014 .
Bibel, Sara (April 29, 2014). 'Sunday Final Ratings: 'Once Upon A Time', 'Revenge' 'The Simpsons' Adjusted Up; 'Believe', '60 Minutes', 'Dateline' 'American Dream Builders' Adjusted Down'. TV by the Numbers . Retrieved May 5, 2014 .
Kondolojy, Amanda (May 6, 2014). 'Sunday Final Ratings: 'Once Upon a Time', 'The Simpsons', 'Dateline' 'Resurrection' Adjusted Up; 'The Good Wife' Adjusted Down'. TV by the Numbers . Retrieved May 11, 2014 .
Bibel, Sara (May 13, 2014). 'Sunday Final Ratings: 'Once Upon a Time', 'American Dad' 'America's Funniest Home Videos' Adjusted Up; 'Revenge', 'Cosmos' 'Dateline' Adjusted Down'. TV by the Numbers . Retrieved May 13, 2014 .
Kondolojy, Amanda (May 20, 2014). 'Sunday Final Ratings: 'The Amazing Race' 'American Dream Builders' Adjusted Up'. TV by the Numbers . Retrieved May 20, 2014 .
Kondolojy, Amanda (June 3, 2014). 'Sunday Final Ratings: 'The Bachelorette' Adjusted Up'. TV by the Numbers . Retrieved June 3, 2014 .
Bibel, Sara (June 10, 2014). 'Sunday Final Ratings: NBA Finals Numbers'. TV by the Numbers . Retrieved June 12, 2014 .
Kramer, Miriam (April 5, 2014). ' ' Cosmos' Seeks the Hidden Light of the Universe Sunday Night'. Space.com . Retrieved May 19, 2016 .
a b c Rose, Lacey (August 5, 2011). 'Fox Orders Seth MacFarlane's 'Cosmos: A Space-Time Odyssey ' '. The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved June 28, 2012 .
'Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey'. Shaw Media . Retrieved March 9, 2014 .
Coleman, Miriam (March 8, 2014). 'President Obama to Introduce 'Cosmos' Premiere'. Rolling Stone . Retrieved March 9, 2014 .
'Fox Networks Group Announces First-Ever Simultaneous Cross-Network Global Premiere Event For 'COSMOS: A SPACETIME ODYSSEY' On Sunday, March 9' (Press release). National Geographic Channels. February 14, 2014 . Retrieved August 11, 2014 .
Kondolojy, Amanda (March 11, 2014). ' ' Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey' Premieres Out of this World With a Total Audience of 40 Million Expected Worldwide'. TV by the Numbers . Retrieved August 11, 2014 .
'Cosmos: A Space-Time Odyssey : Season 1'. Metacritic . Retrieved June 27, 2014 .
'Critics' Choice TV Awards 2014 winners and highlights'. CBS News. June 20, 2014 . Retrieved June 26, 2014 .
Ausiello, Michael (July 19, 2014). 'TCA Awards 2014: Good Wife , OITNB , True Detective , Veep , Breaking Bad , RuPaul Among Winners'. TVLine . Retrieved July 20, 2014 .
Fullerton, Huw (July 10, 2014). 'Emmy Awards 2014: the nominations in full'. The Daily Telegraph . Telegraph.co.uk . Retrieved July 10, 2014 .
Mooney, Chris (July 10, 2014). ' ' Cosmos' Just Got Nominated for 12 Emmys'. Mother Jones . Foundation For National Progress . Retrieved July 11, 2014 .
Weinstein, Shelli (August 16, 2014). ' ' OITNB's' Uzo Aduba, Jimmy Fallon Win Emmy Guest Comedy Acting Awards'. Variety . Retrieved August 16, 2014 .
Steinberg, Brian (April 23, 2015). ' ' Cosmos,' 'Adventure Time,' 'Doc McStuffins' Among Peabody Winners'. Variety . Retrieved April 23, 2015 .
'Cosmos, Joe Schwarcz Win Skeptics' Critical Thinking Prize'. Skeptical Inquirer . CSICOP. July 2, 2016 . Retrieved August 18, 2016 .
Arel, Dan (June 14, 2014). '13 ways Neil deGrasse Tyson's 'Cosmos' sent the religious right off the deep end'. Salon . Retrieved June 26, 2014 .
McElwee, Sean (June 23, 2014). 'Neil deGrasse Tyson v. the Right: Cosmos, Christians and the Battle for American Science'. Huffington Post . Retrieved June 26, 2014 .
Gryboski, Michael (March 11, 2014). ' ' Cosmos' Accused of Taking a Jab at Catholics'. Christian Post . Retrieved June 26, 2014 .
Kramer, Miriam (June 10, 2014). ' ' Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey' Warps Into Stores Today'. Space.com . Retrieved January 22, 2015 .
Lambert, David (April 23, 2014). 'Cosmos: A SpaceTime Odyssey - Finalized Box Art, Extras on Press Release for Neil deGrasse Tyson's Show'. TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on July 1, 2014 . Retrieved June 27, 2014 .
Romano, Nick (January 13, 2018). 'Cosmos to return in 2019 with Possible Worlds'. Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved January 13, 2018 .
Bojalad, Alec (May 14, 2018). 'Cosmos Season 2 To Premiere In Spring 2019'. Den of Geek . Retrieved May 14, 2018 .
Frazier, Kendrick (2018). 'On the Set of Cosmos's Season Two'. Skeptical Inquirer . 42 (5): 1012.
Porter, Rick (October 29, 2018). 'Fox Midseason Premiere Dates: 'Gotham' Final Season, 'Masked Singer' Coming in January'. The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved October 29, 2018 .
' ' COSMOS: POSSIBLE WORLDS' to Premiere Monday March 4 on National Geographic'. Business Wire . October 29, 2018 . Retrieved October 29, 2018 .
Otterson, Joe (February 15, 2019). ' ' Cosmos' Season 2 to Miss March Premiere Date as Neil deGrasse Tyson Investigation Continues'. Variety . Retrieved February 18, 2019 .
Porter, Rick (February 15, 2019). ' ' Cosmos' Bumped from Fox as Neil deGrasse Tyson Investigation Continues'. The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved February 15, 2019 . External links [ edit ] Look up cosmos in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikiquote has quotations related to: Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey
Official website at National Geographic Channel
Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey on IMDb Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cosmos:_A_Spacetime_Odysseyoldid=916123634' OR Year: Season 1 Standing Up in the Milky Way Rate 0 Error: please try again. A thrilling, new adventure across space and time begins. Some of the Things That Molecules Do Cosmos Season 1 Episode 1 Rate 0 Error: please try again. Artificial selection is one example, eyes another, of the well-documented and inescapable process of evolution--change in a population of species over time--by natural selection. These are some of the things that molecules do. When Knowledge Conquered Fear Rate 0 Error: please try again. Neil deGrasse Tyson sets off on the Ship of the Imagination to chase a single comet through its million-year plunge toward Sol. Later, Tyson visits the birth-place of Sir Isaac Newton and retraces the unlikely friendship between Newton and brilliant polymath Edmond Halley. It was Halley's patience and generosity which allowed Newton to conquer his fear of isolation and find the courage to publish his masterwork, 'Principia Mathematica' which launched a scientific revolution. A Sky Full of Ghosts Cosmos A Spacetime Odyssey Episodes S1 E12 Rate 0 Error: please try again. Explores how light, time and gravity affects our perception of the universe Hiding in the Light Rate 0 Error: please try again. The Ship of the Imagination travels back in time to reveal 11th century Europe and North Africa during the golden age of Islam, when brilliant physicist Ibn al-Haytham discovered the scientific method and first understood how we see, and how light travels. Later, William Herschel discovers the infrared and the signature hidden in the light of every star, eventually unlocking one of the keys to the cosmos. Deeper, Deeper, Deeper Still Rate 0 Error: please try again. The Ship of the Imagination ventures on an epic voyage to the bottom of a dewdrop to explore the universe on the smallest scale and observe exotic life forms invisible to the naked eye. Then, host Neil deGrasse Tyson explains the neural network in our brains which determine our sense of smell and memory, and later, he travels deep beneath the surface of the Earth to discover the most mysterious particle we know. The Clean Room Rate 0 Error: please try again. To determine the true age of the Earth, geochemist Clair Patterson developed the uranium-lead dating method to make an unprecedented discovery - calculating Earth's age of 4.5 billion years. But Patterson's groundbreaking discoveries were just beginning. Patterson made it his mission to draw public attention to the detrimental effects of lead in the environment and dedicated his career to fighting against the petroleum and chemical industry, eventually achieving public health's biggest victory of the 20th century. Sisters of the Sun Rate 0 Error: please try again. Explores the violent cosmic phenomenon of supernovas, which on average occur once per galaxy per century or one billion times per year in the observable universe. The Lost Worlds of Planet Earth Rate 0 Error: please try again. The Ship of the Imagination embarks on a journey through space and time to grasp how the autobiography of the Earth is written in its atoms, its oceans, its continents and all living things. Later, American geologist Marie Tharp creates the first true map of Earth's ocean floor, and discovers microscopic life that exists deep beneath the ocean. The Electric Boy Rate 0 Cosmos A Spacetime Odyssey Episodes Free Download Error: please try again. Travel to 19th century England and meet Michael Faraday, a child of poverty who grew up to invent the motor and the generator. His ideas about electricity and discovery of magnetic fields changed the world and paved the way for future scientists to make giant strides in the world of high technology and instantaneous communication. The Immortals Rate 0 Error: please try again. The Ship of the Imagination travels across the cosmos to discover the possibility of beings that live forever and explain why other civilizations perish. Then, visit the Cosmic Calendar of the Future and contemplate what lies ahead with a hopeful vision. The World Set Free Rate 0 Error: please try again. Degrasse discusses our nearest neighboring planet Venus and its climate, the climate change on Earth and if it is caused by humans. Unafraid of the Dark Rate 0 Error: please try again. Description of the two Voyager probes sent for interstellar travel. Tyson ends the series by emphasizing Sagan's message on the human condition in the vastness of the cosmos to encourage viewers to continue to explore and discover the undiscovered.